Perinatal brain injury mostly implies motor deficit. Many different methods exist, all aiming to prevent or reduce this motor deficit, but non of them has proven evidence of effectiveness. Our study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of early neurotherapy, an early developmental therapy for infants with brain injury, designed by Prof. Dr. Ferenc Katona in the 1970’s. Between 2007 and 2017 we observed and treated 16 new-born with middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischaemic stroke. All of them had brain MRI proving the ipsilateral internal capsule to be affected. All patients were treated at age 3-6 weeks with neurotherapy, a home-training done by their parents every day. During our follow-up, 10 patients had normal motor development, only 6 became hemiparetic, which accounts for the 38 % of the patients. According to Adam Kirtons study, non-treated MCA ischaemic stroke patients develop hemiparesis in 85 %. Neuroterapy can be an effective early treatment method to reduce the risk of hemiparesis in new-born MCA ischaemic stroke patients.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, multifactorial disorder without fully understood pathomechanism. Among the various environmental factors, the importance of nutrition is highlighted because the efficacy of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is equivalent to steroid therapy.

Introduction: The survival chances of premature babies are rising, resulting in an increased number of legal and ethical dilemmas. Our aim is to compare the results of the EURONIC (1996/97) and the HUNIC (2015/16) research in terms of the parents’ decision-making competences. Methodology: Quantitative survey among health workers in all Hungarian NICUs with self-filled, anonymous questionnaires (N=728). Results: The majority of the participants agreed that parental involvement in decision-making should be supported. Parental involvement was less accepted by physicians and nurses before the Health Care Act of 1997 came into force. Discussion: Comparing the survey data with the current regulations it is clear that further studies are inevitable for deeper understanding of the profession and for increasing the sensitivity of rule givers.

Although burn injuries among infants are quite rare, they require a case-by-case assessment in every occasion because of the relatively large body surface area, the differing body proportions of infants, and the high risk of rapid progression. With regards to outcome, the size and depth of the thermal burn, comorbidity, the intensity of the systemic reaction, the time-window of initial treatment and even professionalism are determinative factors. The latter cannot work without the knowledge on age-specific anatomical and physiological characteristics, pathophysiology and pre-hospitalization tasks.

Research results increasingly clarify the biology of adipose tissue and its role in the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Recent mouse model and human studies have shown that interventions that affect the thermogenesis of brown and beige adipose tissue can be effective in treating obesity and associated disorders. Activating the energy consumption of brown and beige fat cells seems promising in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance and other metabolic diseases. Applying these therapeutic options requires a detailed understanding of the development and function of brown and beige fat cells.

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a primary immunedeficiency disorder due to a defect in the phagocytic cell oxidase enzyme system, characterized by a lack of defense against bacteria and fungi. Pathogens can cause recurrent purulent infections and granulomas in the lymph nodes, internal organs and bones. The disease typically manifests in infancy. The most common is the recessive inheritance linked to the X chromosome, but autosomal recessive inheritance is also known. The definitive therapy for the disease is allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this case, we present the investigation and treatment of a 5-year-old boy with recurrent febrile infections.

A 16-year-old boy was presented with five days history of fever, headache, vomiting. His laboratory examinations revealed elevated acute phase reactants, anemia, moderately elevated liver enzymes and microscopic hematuria. No pathogen grew from bacterial cultures. He required fluid replacement and symptomatic therapy; empiric antibiotic treatment was initiated. His symptom sshowed regression in the first few days, the laboratory abnormalities normalized in two weeks, as well. The serological investigations referred to Leptospira infection. The authors summarize the characteristics of the leptospirosis and would like to call attention to this uncommon, but underdiagnosed infectious disease.

Background: The vaccination coverage rate for tuberculosis is above 95% in Hungary. Therefore we see patients with tuberculosis and its complications very rarely. Patient: A 1 year old Hungarian girl living in Germany, not vaccinated against tuberculosis, was presented with fever, somnolence and left sided hemiparesis. Right sided subacute ischaemic stroke was diagnosed in internal carotidartery territory with leptomeningeal contrast enhancement. MR angiography suggested vasculitic etiology. Bacteriological screening was negative. She was treated with high dose corticosteroids, with low molecular weight heparin and aspirin, but on day six we have lost her for elevated intracranial pressure. At autopsy tuberculotic central nervous system vasculitis was found, which was verified by PCR examination as well.
Conclusion: In case of childhood arterial ischamic stroke if it developes on infectious background tuberculosis must be ruled out. The only possibility to prevent the disease is to administer BCG vaccine.

A boy at the age of 8 was hospitalized to our hospital department with collapsus, hematemesis and melena. In his past medical history congenital left sided chylothorax appeared. At physical examination the child had pale skin, anaemia with tachycardy, and we observed venectasy on his skin and limb difference. Urgent upper endoscopy showed capillary ectasia in the upper tierce of the stomach. Capsulary endoscopy registered the same alteration in the small intestine. Based on the clinical findings Klippel-Trenaunay (KT) syndrome was diagnosed. Using conservative treatment, our patient’s gastrointestinal bleeding stopped. Conservative treatment proved to be successful in most cases of KT syndrome. The treatment needs a multidisciplinary point of view.

Case description: A 15 year-old patient with an earlier diagnosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy commenced a treatment of a new anticonvulsive drug, lamotrigin. Three week after the beginning of new therapy fever, generalized cutaneou sexanthemas, nausea developed and she was admitted to our hospital inFebruary 2019. Basedonhertypical history, clinical symptoms and examination results we assumed a rare disease, DRESS (Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia, Systemic Sytmptoms) syndrome causing her condition. We administered intravenous steroid. Shortly rapid deteroriation of her symptoms was detected with hypoventillation, and respiratory failure. The patient was transferred to the hospital’s Intensive Care Unit. MRI results suggested limbic encephalitis, thus additionally intravenous immunglobulin (IvIg) and antiviral therapy (acyclovir) were administered. The patient’s neurological condition began to improve slowly. Reconsideration of her neurological disease has been started, having seen such behaviour for years.

Rapid diagnosis of acute benzodiazepine intoxications can be challenging in childhood. The 12-year-old girl was admitted to our university hospital with slurred speech, dizziness, vision disturbances and headache after suffering a mild head trauma. The child and her parents denied the possibility of taking any drugs. Nonetheless in the differential diagnostic work-up drug intoxication came up, therefore awake EEG was performed. EEG showed bilateral low voltage beta waves diagnostic for benzodiazepine intoxication. The toxicological investigation confirmed an extremely high serum benzodiazepine level. In unclear cases when the possibility of acute benzodiazepine intoxication arises in addition to the serum and urine toxicological tests EEG can also help to set up rapid diagnosis.